| CONSONANTS | ||
|---|---|---|
| LETTER | PRONUNCIATION | SYMBOL |
| C | like ts in cats | ts |
| Ç | like ch in church | ch |
| DH | like th in this | dh |
| TH | like th in thin | th |
| Q | like ch in chair | chy |
| GJ | like j in jam | jy |
| J | like y in yes | y |
| NJ | like n in onion (span. ñ) | ñ |
| RR | like german r (trilled) | rr |
| S | like s in sad | s |
| SH | like sh in ship | sh |
| X | like ds in beds | dz |
| XH | like j in jam | xh |
| ZH | like s in measure | zh |
| B, D, F, K, L, M, N, P, R, T, V, Z | pronounced as in English | |
| VOWELS | ||
|---|---|---|
| LETTER | PRONUNCIATION | SYMBOL |
| A | like a in bath | ah |
| E | like e in let | eh |
| Ë | like u in bug | er |
| I | like ee in meet | ee |
| O | like a in ball | oh |
| U | like oo in boot | oo |
| Y | between U and I | uy |