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| BRANCH | GROUP | LANGUAGES AND MAJOR DIALECTS | AREA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANCIENT | MEDIEVAL | MODERN | |||
| G E R M A N I C |
North | Old Icelandic Old Norse |
Icelandic Norwegian Færoese Swedish Danish |
Iceland Norway Færoe Islands Sweden Denmark |
|
| East | Gothic | eastern Europe | |||
| West | Old High German Middle High German Old Saxon Middle Low German Middle Dutch Middle Flemish |
German Yiddish Low German
Dutch English |
Eastern Europe Netherlands England |
||
| C E L T I C |
Continen. | Gaulish | Gaul | ||
| Bythonic | Old Welsh Middle Welsh Old Cornish Middle Breton |
Welsh Cornish |
Wales Cornwall |
||
| Goidelic | Old Irish Middle Irish |
Irish Gælic Manx |
Ireland Scotland Isle of Man |
||
| I T A L I C |
Romance | Latin |
Old Provençal Old French Middle French |
Portuguese Spanish Catalan Provençal French
Haitian Creole |
ancient Italy Portugal Spain Catalonia S. France France Haiti |
| Albanian | Albanian | Albania | |||
| Greek | Old Greek | Greek | Greek | Greece | |
| Baltic | Old Prussian |
Lithaunian Latvian |
East Prussia Lithuania Latvia |
||
| S L A V I C |
East | Old Russian |
Russian Ukrainian Belorussian |
Russia The Ukraine Belorus |
|
| West | Old Czech |
Czech Slovak Polish Wendish |
Czech Rep. Slovak Rep. Poland Germany |
||
| South | Old Church Slavonic |
Slovene Serbian Croatian Macedonian Bulgarian |
Slovenia Serbia Croatia Macedonia Bulgaria |
||
| Armenian | Armenian | Armenian | Armenia | ||
| I R A N I A N |
East | Avestan |
Sogdian Khotanese |
Pashto Ossetic |
ancient Persia central Asia central Asia Afghanistan Caucusus |
| West | Old Persian |
Pahlavi Persian |
Persian Kurdish Baluchi Tajiki |
Persia Iran middle east Pakistan Tajikistan |
|
| I N D I C |
Dard | Shina, Khowar Kashmiri |
Indus Valley Kashmir |
||
| Sanskritic | Sanskrit, Pali Prakrits |
Prakrits |
Lahnda Sindhi Panjabi Rajasthani Gujarati marathi Konkani Oriya Bengali Assamese Bihari Hindi Urdu Nepali Sinhalese Romany |
India W. Punjab Sind Punjab Rajasthan Gujarat W. India W. India Orissa Bengal Assam Bihar N. India Pakistan Nepal Sri Lanka Romany |
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